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3.
Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol ; 15: 2407-2414, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36387961

RESUMO

Objective: To characterize the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of arsenicism from chronic exposure to mine tailings in people with lesions on their skin and/or annexes in two mining districts in the highlands of Peru. Materials and Methods: In this case series study, we included 17 people that presented arsenical lesions in skin and annexes which were identified in two prior studies. We evaluated age, occupation, place of exposure, time of exposure, time of disease, manifestations on skin and annexes, location of lesions, severity, and 24-hour urine clearance of arsenic. Results: The average time of exposure was 16.5 ± 14.7 years, and the average length of disease was 9.8 ± 8.1 years. In this study, 70.6% were men, 41.2% were farmers and 17.6% were underage. The most frequent main manifestations in skin and annexes were plantar keratosis (23.5%), palmar (11.8%), palmoplantar (11.8%) and thoracic keratosis (5.9%). Other manifestations were palmoplantar keratosis with thoracic hyperpigmentation (17.6%), Mees' lines (17.6%) and hyper/hypopigmentation in thorax and back (11.8%). With relation to the severity of lesions, 35.3% were grade 1 (mild), 29.4 % were grade 0 (asymptomatic), 29.4 % were grade 2 (moderate), and 5.9% were grade 3 (severe). The median of 24-hour urine clearance of arsenic was 55 µg/L/24 hours. No cases of skin cancer were presented. Conclusion: The studied cases of arsenicism with lesions on skin and/or annexes by exposure to mine tailings present with differential characteristics in comparison to other forms of arsenicism such as less severity, lower urine clearance of arsenic, and absence of skin cancer cases.

4.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 51(2): e1796, abr.-jun. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1408824

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: La presencia de comorbilidades modula el proceso de envejecimiento, el diagnóstico de cáncer puede comprometer de manera importante la salud del adulto mayor, lo cual repercute en su calidad de vida. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre la dependencia funcional y la calidad de vida en pacientes oncológicos adultos mayores tratados con radioterapia. Métodos: Estudio analítico retrospectivo, realizado en 181 pacientes ambulatorios del Centro Médico Naval del Callao, Perú, varones, mayores de 60 años. Se valoró la dependencia funcional mediante los índices de Barthel y el de Lawton; y la calidad de vida mediante la escala de calidad de vida en adultos mayores de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (WHOQoL-Old). Resultados: Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre dependencia funcional y calidad de vida, tanto para las actividades básicas de la vida diaria (PR= 1,04 [IC 95 %; 1,01-1,07]) como para las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria (PR= 1,08 (IC 95 %: 1,01 - 1,13). Conclusiones: En los pacientes adultos mayores oncológicos tratados con radioterapia, se encuentra asociación significativa entre dependencia funcional y una pobre calidad de vida.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The presence of comorbidities modulates the aging process, the diagnosis of cancer can significantly compromise the health of the elderly, which affects their quality of life. Objective: Determine the association between the functional dependence and the quality of life in elderly oncology patients treated with radiotherapy. Methods: Retrospective analytical study, carried out in 181 outpatients of Centro Médico Naval del Callao, Perú, male, older than 60 years. The functional dependence was assessed with Barthel index and Lawton scale; and the quality of life was assessed with World Health Organization Quality of Life-Older Adults Module (WHOQoL-Old). Results: A statistically significant association was found between functional dependence and quality of life, for both the basic activities of daily living (PR= 1.04 [IC 95 %: 1.01-1.07]), and the instrumental activities of daily living (PR= 1.08 [IC 95 %: 1.01 - 1.13]). Conclusion: There was significant association between the functional dependence and the poor quality of life in the elderly oncology patients treated with radiotherapy.

5.
Ann Parasitol ; 68(3): 631-635, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36617402

RESUMO

Primary muscular hydatidosis is an infrequent parasitic infection, caused by Echinococcus granulosus. We report 2 cases of female patients with diagnosis of primary muscular hydatidosis of the thigh. Both hail from an endemic area for hydatidosis, and had no pulmonary, hepatic, or systemic involvement. Cyst extraction was performed after the patients were given hypertonic solution, and antiparasitic treatment.


Assuntos
Equinococose , Echinococcus granulosus , Animais , Humanos , Feminino , Peru/epidemiologia , Equinococose/epidemiologia , Antiparasitários
7.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 50(2): e1021, 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1341415

RESUMO

Introducción: Los médicos que se preparan para rendir el examen de residencia médica, están expuestos a estrés laboral, debido a que adicionalmente tienen que trabajar para poder solventar sus estudios. Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en médicos generales que se preparan para el examen de residencia médica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, se aplicó el cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) a médicos generales que trabajaban y que se preparaban para rendir el examen de residencia médica, que voluntariamente aceptaron participar en el estudio. Se realizó estadística univariada y bivariada; los cálculos fueron realizados con un nivel de confianza del 95 por ciento. Resultados: Se incluyó a un total de 306 médicos. El 56,9 por ciento fueron de sexo femenino y el promedio de edad fue de 28,5 ± 4,3 años. El 2,3 por ciento (7) de los médicos presentaron síndrome de burnout; las subescalas de despersonalización (42,2 por ciento) y agotamiento emocional (32 por ciento) tuvieron mayores porcentajes de índices altos. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de síndrome de burnout fue baja en los médicos generales que se preparan para el examen de residencia médica. Las subescalas con mayores índices fueron despersonalización y agotamiento emocional(AU)


Introduction: Doctors who are preparing to take the medical residency exam are exposed to work stress, because they have to work to pay their studies. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Burnout syndrome in general practitioners preparing for the residency exam. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was applied in general practitioners who worked and were preparing to take the medical residency exam were included, who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. Univariate and bivariate statistics were performed, the calculations were performed with a confidence level of 95 percent. Results: A total of 306 general practitioners were included. 56,9 percent were female and the average age was 28,5 ± 4,3 years. 2,3 percent (7) of the doctors had Burnout syndrome, the subscales of depersonalization (42,2 percent) and emotional exhaustion (32 percent) had higher percentages of high indexes. Conclusions: The prevalence of Burnout syndrome was low in general practitioners preparing for the medical residency examination. The subscales with the highest indices were depersonalization and emotional exhaustion(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Clínicos Gerais , Estresse Ocupacional , Esgotamento Psicológico , Internato e Residência , Peru , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários
8.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 50(1): e975, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1289496

RESUMO

Introducción: En el Perú, los accidentes ofídicos son un importante problema de salud pública, debido a una amplia distribución territorial de diferentes tipos de serpientes. Objetivo: Describir las características clínico - epidemiológicas y el manejo de los accidentes ofídicos registrados en un hospital de Perú. Métodos: Estudio de serie de casos, realizado entre enero del 2011 a diciembre 2015 en el Hospital Santa Rosa de Puerto Maldonado. Se revisaron 256 historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico definitivo de ofidismo. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y evolución de los pacientes. Resultados: El 78,5 por ciento de pacientes fueron varones, el grupo de edad más afectado fueron los adultos. La mayoría de los accidentes ocurrieron en el mes de marzo (12,5 por ciento). Un 39 por ciento de los pacientes se dedicaba al trabajo agrícola. Entre las 16:00 y 19:59 horas se produjeron 35,2 por ciento de los accidentes, 71,1 por ciento reportó como causante del accidente a la serpiente Bothrops atrox. El 71,5 por ciento de las mordeduras se presentaron en miembros inferiores. La mayoría de pacientes recibió tratamiento específico con antibotrópico polivalente (90,6 por ciento). Conclusiones: En la población estudiada, el sexo más afectado es el masculino con una edad entre 27 a 59 años. La serpiente más frecuente causante de los accidentes fue la Bothrops atrox, más conocida entre los pobladores como "jergón". En la mayoría de los casos se administró como tratamiento específico el suero antiofídico(AU)


Introduction: In Peru, ophidian accidents are an important public health problem due to a wide territorial distribution of different types of snakes. Objective: To describe the clinical-epidemiological characteristics and the management of ophidian accidents registered in a hospital in Peru. Methods: Case series study carried out between January 2011 to December 2015 at the Santa Rosa Hospital in Puerto Maldonado, 256 medical records of patients with a definitive diagnosis of ophidism were reviewed. Sociodemographic and clinical variables and the evolution of the patients were analyzed. Results: A total of 78.5 percent of patients were men, the age group most affected were adults. Most of the accidents occurred in March (12.5 percent). 39 percent of the patients were engaged in agricultural work. Between 4:00 p.m. and 7:59 p.m., 35.2 percent of the accidents occurred. 71.1 percent reported the Bothrops atrox snake as the cause of the accident. 71.5 percent of the bites occurred on the lower limbs. Most patients received specific treatment with polyvalent anti-botropic (90.6 percent). Conclusions: In the studied population, the most affected sex is the male with an age between 27 and 59 years. The most frequent snake causing the accidents was the Bothrops atrox, better known among the inhabitants as "jergón". In most cases, antivenom was administered as a specific treatment(AU)


Assuntos
Serpentes , Mordeduras e Picadas , Antivenenos , Bothrops , Peru , Ecossistema Amazônico
9.
Acta méd. peru ; 38(1): 42-47, ene.-mar 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1278191

RESUMO

RESUMEN: OBJETIVOS : Determinar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas en adultos mayores con fractura de cadera en un hospital de Lima, Perú. MÉTODO : Estudio tipo serie de casos realizado en el servicio de traumatología del Hospital Central PNP "Luis N. Sáenz" durante el periodo 2015-2018. Se revisaron historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de fractura de cadera. RESULTADOS : Se incluyeron un total de 140 historias. Se encontró predominio en el sexo femenino (54.3%) y en pacientes mayores de 80 años (45%). Gran parte de estos eventos ocurrieron en el domicilio (81.4%). Las fracturas intertrocantéricas fueron las más frecuentes (60%), sobre todo del lado derecho (51.4%), la osteosíntesis fue la opción terapéutica más usada (62.1%). El dolor (92%) y la impotencia funcional (91.4%) fueron la presentación clínica característica de las fracturas de cadera y la hipertensión arterial la patología más frecuentemente asociada (52.2%). CONCLUSIONES : La fractura de cadera afecta primordialmente a personas mayores de 80 años, en especial al sexo femenino con elevada comorbilidad. El mayor porcentaje se da como resultado de caídas producidas en el domicilio, siendo el dolor del lado afectado la principal manifestación. El tipo de fractura más frecuente es la intertrocantérica y el tratamiento más usado, la osteosíntesis.


ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES : To determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics in older adults with hip fracture in a hospital in Lima, Peru. METHODS : Case series type study carried out in the trauma department of the PNP Central Hospital "Luis N. Saenz" during the period 2015-2018. Medical records of patients diagnosed with hip fracture were reviewed. RESULTS : A total of 140 medical records were included. A predominance was found in the female sex (54.3%) and in patients over 80 years old (45%). Most of these events occurred at home (81.4%). Intertrochanteric fractures were the most frequent (60%), especially on the right side (51.4%), osteosynthesis was the most used therapeutic option (62.1%). Pain (92%) and functional impotence (91.4%) were the characteristic clinical presentation of hip fractures, and arterial hypertension was the most common associated pathology (52.2%). CONCLUSIONS : Hip fracture primarily affects people over 80 years of age, especially women with high comorbidity. The highest percentage occurs as a result of falls produced at home, with pain on the affected side being the main manifestation. The most common type of fracture is intertrochanteric, and the most used treatment is osteosynthesis.

11.
J Cutan Med Surg ; 24(1): 33-40, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31556723

RESUMO

This article aims to describe the cutaneous manifestations observed in the Zika epidemic in Peru during 2016 and 2017, as well as discuss the potential differential diagnoses. During the outbreak, the main reason for seeking medical advice was the development of a pruriginous maculopapular rash with a marked papular component, which started on the chest and later generalized to the rest of the body. Similar manifestations were noted in adults, children, and pregnant women. Other manifestations such as conjunctivitis, edema, or petechiae on the palate were rare. We suggest that in areas that are endemic for arboviral infections, in the differential diagnosis of a rash one must consider infections such as dengue, Zika, or chikungunya viruses. In nonendemic areas, the diagnosis is more difficult, as the rash may result from other viral infections not transmitted by arthropods and/or reactive or inflammatory diseases (urticaria, atopic dermatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus). We recommend that primary care health personnel are trained in the recognition of the mucocutaneous lesions caused by Zika virus infection, which could contribute to the identification of suspicious cases, particularly pregnant women.


Assuntos
Exantema/etiologia , Pele/virologia , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Zika virus , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Exantema/diagnóstico , Exantema/virologia , Humanos , Incidência , Peru/epidemiologia , Pele/patologia , Infecção por Zika virus/diagnóstico , Infecção por Zika virus/virologia
12.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 84(3): 188-195, jun. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1020636

RESUMO

RESUMEN OBJETIVOS: determinar el conocimiento y las actitudes sobre el Zika en gestantes del sur de Lima MÉTODO: Estudio transversal analítico. Se incluyeron gestantes que acudieron al establecimiento de Salud Materno Infantil de Villa María del Triunfo durante octubre del 2017. RESULTADOS: Participaron 97 gestantes, la edad promedio fue de 28,23±7,9. El mayor grupo de edad fue de 16-28 años (54,6%). Al realizar la categorización del nivel de conocimientos, apreciamos que la mayoría tuvo conocimientos buenos sobre la enfermedad (78,4%) y todas tuvieron actitudes positivas. Las gestantes con mayor nivel educativo tuvieron un mejor conocimiento de la enfermedad (p<0,001) CONCLUSIONES: El conocimiento y las actitudes de las gestantes sobre el zika, fueron por lo general buenos.


ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: To determine knowledge and attitudes about Zika in pregnant women from southern Lima. METHOD: Cross-sectional analytical study. Pregnant women were included who attended the Maternal and Child Health center in Villa María del Triunfo during October 2017. RESULTS: 97 pregnant women participated, the average age was 28.23 ± 7.9. The largest age group was 16-28 years (54.6%). When categorizing the level of knowledge, we appreciate that most had good knowledge about the disease (78.4%) and all had positive attitudes. Pregnant women with a higher educational level had a better knowledge of the disease (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge and attitudes of the pregnant women about Zika were generally good.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adolescente , Adulto , Gestantes/educação , Zika virus , Infecção por Zika virus/etiologia , Peru , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários
13.
Rev Chil Pediatr ; 90(1): 26-35, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31095216

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of genetic identification in a group of newborns from a public hospital in Lima, Peru. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out by the National Registry of Identification and Civil Status of Peru, on live newborns and their mothers, from the Carlos Lanfranco La Hoz Hospital (Puente Piedra, Lima) during January. 2015. The samples were collected in FTA (Fast Technology for Analysis of nucleic acids) cards that allowed a direct analysis by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and capillary electrophoresis of 21 STR markers (Short Tandem Repeats), including the amelogenin marker for gender determination. RESULTS: 44 mothers and 45 newborns were included (there was a twin birth). The probability of maternity was higher than 99.9% in all cases. There were no difficulties in the sampling or in transporting the material. The obtained biological material was enough to collect DNA to identify the newborn. CONCLUSIONS: The genetic identification procedure was possible to perform in this hospital. Stages of the process that could be improved were identified for the eventual application of this procedure on a larger scale in Peru.


Assuntos
Testes Genéticos/métodos , Triagem Neonatal/métodos , Linhagem , Estudos Transversais , Eletroforese Capilar , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Marcadores Genéticos , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Erros Médicos/prevenção & controle , Repetições de Microssatélites , Peru , Projetos Piloto , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase
14.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 90(1): 26-35, 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-990883

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Determinar la factibilidad de la identificación genética a un grupo de recién nacidos prove nientes de un hospital público de Lima-Perú. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo de corte trans versal, realizado por Registro de Identificación y Estado Civil de Perú, en recién nacidos vivos y sus respectivas madres, provenientes del Hospital Carlos Lanfranco La Hoz (Puente Piedra-Lima) du rante el mes de enero del 2015. Las muestras fueron colectadas en tarjetas FTA (Fast Technology for Analysis of nucleic acids) que permitieron un análisis directo por PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) y electroforesis capilar de 21 marcadores genéticos de tipo STR (Short Tandem Repeats), incluyendo el marcador amelogenina para la determinación del sexo. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron un total de 44 madres y 45 recién nacidos (existió un parto gemelar). La probabilidad de maternidad fue mayor al 99.9% en todos los casos. No se encontraron dificultades en la toma de muestra, ni en el transporte del material. El material biológico obtenido fue suficiente para la obtención de ADN para realizar la identificación del recién nacido. CONCLUSIONES: El procedimiento de identificación genética fue factible de realizar en este hospital. Se identificaron etapas del proceso que podrían mejorarse para la posible aplicación de este procedimiento a una mayor escala en el Perú.


OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of genetic identification in a group of newborns from a public hospital in Lima, Peru. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out by the National Registry of Identification and Civil Status of Peru, on live newborns and their mothers, from the Carlos Lanfranco La Hoz Hospital (Puente Piedra, Lima) during January. 2015. The samples were collected in FTA (Fast Technology for Analysis of nucleic acids) cards that allowed a direct analysis by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and capillary electrophoresis of 21 STR markers (Short Tandem Repeats), including the amelogenin marker for gender determination. RESULTS: 44 mothers and 45 newborns were included (there was a twin birth). The probability of maternity was higher than 99.9% in all cases. There were no difficulties in the sampling or in transporting the material. The obtained biological material was enough to collect DNA to identify the newborn. CONCLUSIONS: The genetic identification procedure was possible to perform in this hospital. Stages of the process that could be improved were identified for the eventual application of this procedure on a larger scale in Peru.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Linhagem , Testes Genéticos/métodos , Triagem Neonatal/métodos , Peru , Marcadores Genéticos , Projetos Piloto , Estudos de Viabilidade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Estudos Transversais , Repetições de Microssatélites , Eletroforese Capilar , Erros Médicos/prevenção & controle
15.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 47(4): 0-0, oct.-dic. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1042904

RESUMO

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y factores asociados al síndrome de burnout, en estudiantes internos de medicina del Hospital Militar Central Coronel Luis Arias Schreiber. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico. Se aplicó el inventario de burnout de Maslach y un cuestionario de variables sociodemográficas y factores asociados, a internos de medicina del Hospital Militar Central Coronel Luis Arias Schreiber, en octubre de 2016. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia de síndrome de burnout solo en cinco internos (5,2 por ciento). Se evidenció que el 27,1 por ciento (26 internos) presentaba niveles altos de agotamiento emocional. En 13 de ellos (13,5 por ciento) se presentaron niveles altos despersonalización y en 20 (20,8 por ciento), se identificó una realización personal baja. Se encontró asociación entre la variable vivir en soledad con agotamiento emocional (p= 0,046) y con despersonalización (p= 0,018). Se encontró asociación entre trabajar más de 50 horas a la semana y el síndrome de burnout (p= 0,038). Conclusiones: La prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en internos de medicina del Hospital Militar Central es baja. El vivir en soledad se asoció a las dimensiones agotamiento emocional y despersonalización. Se encontró asociación entre las horas de trabajo por semana y síndrome de burnout(AU)


Objective: To determine prevalence and associated factors of Burnout Syndrome in medicine interns. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study. Maslach Burnout Inventory and a Sociodemographic Variables and Associated Factors questionnaire, were applied. The study was carried out at Hospital Militar Central Coronel Luis Arias Schreiber, October 2016. Results: The prevalence of Burnout Syndrome was established at 5.2 percent (n= 5). 27.1 percent (26), 13.4 percent (13) and 20.8 percent (20), had high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and low levels of personal accomplishment, respectively. A statistically significant association was established between the living alone variable and emotional exhaustion (p= 0,046) and with depersonalization (p= 0.018). We found an association between working more than 50 hours per week and Burnout Syndrome (p= 0,038). Conclusion: The prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in medicine interns at Hospital Militar Central Coronel Luis Arias Schreiber is low. To live alone was associated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. An association between Burnout Syndrome and work hour per week was found(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Estudantes , Prevalência , Esgotamento Psicológico , Medicina , Categorias de Trabalhadores , Síndrome , Estudos Transversais
17.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 34(4): 682-689, oct.-dic. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-902973

RESUMO

RESUMEN La obesidad infantil representa uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública a nivel mundial. En el presente artículo se exponen las intervenciones para prevenir el sobrepeso y obesidad en niños menores de cinco años. Las intervenciones dirigidas a prevenir la obesidad en infantes fueron: promoción de la lactancia materna, vigilancia del crecimiento del niño y promoción de una adecuada alimentación complementaria, a través de la consejería nutricional con enfoque de alimentación responsiva, brindadas en distintos escenarios como el centro de salud o basados en el hogar a través de visitas domiciliarias. Las intervenciones dirigidas a prevenir obesidad en los preescolares incluyen las intervenciones con componentes de actividad física y nutrición que involucren activamente a los padres. La calidad de la evidencia de la mayoría de estudios es alta debido a que proviene de ensayos clínicos controlados, revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis. Todas estas intervenciones se realizan o podrían ser replicadas en nuestro país, mediante una adecuada contextualización.


ABSTRACT Childhood obesity is one of the most severe public health problems worldwide. The present study describes the interventions used to prevent overweight and obesity in children younger than 5 years. The objective of the interventions was to stimulate breastfeeding, monitor the child's growth, and promote adequate complementary feeding by means of nutritional counseling using a responsive feeding approach in different settings, including health centers and residences. The interventions included physical activity and nutritional counseling, with the active participation of the parents. The quality of evidence from most studies was high because the evidence was derived from controlled clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. All interventions were conducted or could be replicated in Peru by adequate contextualization.


Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Obesidade Infantil/prevenção & controle
19.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 34(4): 682-689, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29364422

RESUMO

Childhood obesity is one of the most severe public health problems worldwide. The present study describes the interventions used to prevent overweight and obesity in children younger than 5 years. The objective of the interventions was to stimulate breastfeeding, monitor the child's growth, and promote adequate complementary feeding by means of nutritional counseling using a responsive feeding approach in different settings, including health centers and residences. The interventions included physical activity and nutritional counseling, with the active participation of the parents. The quality of evidence from most studies was high because the evidence was derived from controlled clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. All interventions were conducted or could be replicated in Peru by adequate contextualization.


La obesidad infantil representa uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública a nivel mundial. En el presente artículo se exponen las intervenciones para prevenir el sobrepeso y obesidad en niños menores de cinco años. Las intervenciones dirigidas a prevenir la obesidad en infantes fueron: promoción de la lactancia materna, vigilancia del crecimiento del niño y promoción de una adecuada alimentación complementaria, a través de la consejería nutricional con enfoque de alimentación responsiva, brindadas en distintos escenarios como el centro de salud o basados en el hogar a través de visitas domiciliarias. Las intervenciones dirigidas a prevenir obesidad en los preescolares incluyen las intervenciones con componentes de actividad física y nutrición que involucren activamente a los padres. La calidad de la evidencia de la mayoría de estudios es alta debido a que proviene de ensayos clínicos controlados, revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis. Todas estas intervenciones se realizan o podrían ser replicadas en nuestro país, mediante una adecuada contextualización.


Assuntos
Obesidade Infantil/prevenção & controle , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente
20.
Acta méd. peru ; 33(4): 304-308, oct.-dic. 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: biblio-868677

RESUMO

La evaluación del neurodesarrollo es una actividad básica en los servicios de atención del niño. Las pruebas que evalúan el neurodesarrollo infantil se dividen en dos grupos, las de detección o tamizaje y las de diagnóstico o evaluación. Las de detección fueron diseñadas para identificar a los niños en riesgo, utilizándose en una primera etapa para recomendar una futura evaluación. Posteriormente se utilizan las pruebas de diagnóstico que son aplicadas con mayor detalle por especialistas en el área. Una vez identificado el niño en riesgo de retraso es necesario que sea incluido oportunamente en un programa de intervención, principalmente antes de los 3 años. La prevención de un posible retraso y la recuperación de los niños en riesgo contribuirán a la reducción de la pobreza y la inequidad, ya que los niños podrán adquirir capacidades y destrezas que le aseguren una adecuada calidad de vida para ellos y sus familias contribuyendo con la economía y el desarrollo de país.


Assessing the neural development is a basic activity in child health services. The tests that assess the neural development in children are divided in two groups: screening tests and diagnostic or assessment tests. Screening tests were designed for identifying children at risk, and they are used in a first-step fashion in order to recommend further testing. Afterwards, diagnostic tests are used, which are administered by specialists in this field. Once the child at risk for retardation in his/her neural development is identified, it is necessary that he/she may be enrolled in an intervention program, especially before three years of age. Prevention of such cases and timely therapy and recovery of children at risk will contribute to reduce poverty and inequity, since these children may acquire abilities and skills that will ensure adequate quality of life for them and their families, also contributing with the economy and development of this country.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Desempenho Psicomotor , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento
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